The most comprehensive, in-depth reference of Tolkien's life and work ever published, "The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide" (Houghton Mifflin 2006) is the latest of several major books on Tolkien by Christina Scull and her husband, Wayne G. Hammond, assistant librarian in the Chapin Library at Williams College.
The product of seven years' labor, the "Companion and Guide" grew so much in its writing that it appears in two volumes. Its first part, the "Chronology," documents the progress of Tolkien's life from his birth in South Africa in 1892 until his death in England in 1973. Thousands of details, drawn from published and unpublished sources, form a revealing portrait of a noted scholar of Old and Middle English, teacher, and administrator, a devoted husband and father, and the renowned author of "The Hobbit" and "The Lord of the Rings." To this are added family trees, checklists of Tolkien's writings, pictorial art, and poetry, and a list of translations of his works.
The second volume, the "Reader's Guide," is an extensive encyclopedia. It provides histories and discussions of Tolkien's works, analyses of his vast "Silmarillion" mythology, biographies of persons important in his life, accounts of places he knew, and essays on topics such as fandom and dramatization, influences and illustrations, Tolkien's personal interests, his invented languages, and his attitudes towards contemporary issues such as politics and the environment.
Christina Scull has written widely on Tolkien and fantasy literature, and on topics in art history, notably on the architect Sir John Soane and his collection of paintings by William Hogarth. Wayne G. Hammond is the author of standard bibliographies of J.R.R. Tolkien and Arthur Ransome, and of essays on authors such as Tolkien, Samuel "Erewhon" Butler, and Madeleine L'Engle. Their earlier joint publications include "J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator," "The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion," and editions of Tolkien's "Roverandom," "Farmer Giles of Ham," and "The Lord of the Rings."
Scull received her B.A. (art history and medieval history) from Birkbeck College, the University of London. She was the Librarian of Sir John Soane's Museum from 1971 to 1995. Hammond earned his B.A. (English) from Baldwin-Wallace College, Berea, Ohio, and his A.M.L.S. from the University of Michigan. He has been a librarian in Williams College's distinguished Chapin Library of rare books since 1976. The couple lives in Williamstown.
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Creative Pause: Venerable WTF Taking Time to Innovate, Strategize
By John TownesSpecial to iBerkshires
The pace and pressures of change have intensified in all sectors of society. The creative economy is no exception.
Non-profit arts organizations have always had to adapt to changing times. Some of these issues are common and perennial, including the need to raise funds, attract audiences, and remain relevant and sustainable.
In addition, while the COVID-19 pandemic was several years ago, it has taken time
to recover from the universal shutdowns of 2020 and their aftermath.
These issues were highlighted in the Berkshires recently with the announcement that two prominent cultural institutions in Northern Berkshire County — the Williams Theatre Festival and the FreshGrass music festival at Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art were cancelling their 2026 summer seasons.
Both organizations, which are separate, will use the time to regroup, with plans to return in 2027.
While the announcements raised concerns about the impacts on the cultural tourism economy this summer, the overall slate of cultural attractions and activities in the Berkshires appear to be on track. The cultural sector is not monolithic, and other individual organizations are either proceeding as normal or expanding their offerings.
The season cancellation at WTF was because of a combination of factors, said Raphael Picciarelli, WTF's managing director for strategy and transformation. He shares administrative oversight responsibilities with Kit Ingui, managing director of operations and advancement.
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