EMS: Courage And Compassion In Action

By Shawn GodfreyPrint Story | Email Story
Shawn Godfrey is a certified paramedic and the operations manager for the Village Ambulance Service Inc. in Williamstown, Mass..
Taser Devices: Humane or Harmful? The use of taser-devices by law enforcement agencies has continued to spark nationwide debate over whether they are a humane means of subduing an attacker, or even necessary in the field all-together. According to a published report by Amnesty International, 152 taser-related deaths have been reported since 2001, therefore prompting the call for a ban pending an investigation on their long-term medical and psychological effects. Many human rights and civil liberties organizations have also questioned whether the high-voltage electrical charge that a taser-device delivers is potentially deadly. Conversely, many law enforcement officials argue that although taser-devices are not solely responsible for the reduction in police-related deaths, they claim the devices have made a significant impact. Supporters say the devices are humane and, more importantly, save lives, like protecting officers and suspects in standoff scenarios that may have otherwise left someone dead or critically injured. What Are Tasers? Taser International, the Arizona-based manufacturer of the device, claims their stun-gun, typically purchased by law enforcement agencies, can accurately strike a target between 15 and 21 feet away. The gun discharges two hook-like probes, which penetrate the skin and deliver an electric shock for approximately five seconds. The wires, which transfer the high-voltage energy to the hooks, deliver a charge of 50,000 volts or 1.36 joules of electricity. By comparison, most external cardiac defibrillators, like those used on an ambulance, can deliver an electrical shock of 200 to 360 joules. Once the high-voltage electrical charge is delivered, it interacts with the body's own electrical impulses, subsequently causing muscular interference and forcing them into an immediate chaotic state or contractions. This rapidly uses up the muscles supply of blood sugar by converting it to lactic acid, thus making it difficult for one to move and often making it hard to comprehend speech or follow verbal commands. Some taser-devices have adjustable energy settings. A half-second shock from a taser-device will deliver a painful shock that will startle an attacker. A one or two second shock will normally daze the attacker and will often trigger muscle spasms. If a shock of more than three seconds is delivered, the attacker may become disoriented and lose his or her sense of balance. He or she may also lose voluntary and involuntary muscle control. Taser-devices, like those used by law enforcement agencies, are typically calibrated to deliver a five-second shock, which is ample enough to temporarily incapacitate an individual. Disorientation and loss of balance usually lasts about 10-15 minutes following receipt of a five-second shock by a taser-device. Stunning Debate In 2005, a 14-year-old boy, shocked by a Chicago Policeman’s taser-device, was the first taser-linked cardiac arrest to be documented in a medical journal. In a paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine, physicians claim the high-voltage energy delivered from the taser-device caused the boy to suffer a serious, potentially lethal heart arrhythmia, known as "ventricular fibrillation." Ventricular fibrillation is when the lower and most vital part of the heart ceases to adequately pump blood to the body, including reperfusion of the heart muscle itself. This conclusion was made by two cardiac specialists at a Chicago Hospital, where the boy was treated following the incident. The physicians argue that law enforcement agencies utilizing taser-devices should also carry appropriate medical equipment to treat patients, should a heart-related aberrancy, like ventricular fibrillation, occur. Taser International disputed the claim and challenged the physicians' conclusion by stating the paper does not offer any scientific evidence of a causal relationship between the use of a taser-device and ventricular fibrillation. Taser International also declared that the outcome implied by the physicians is purely speculative and not sufficiently supported by scientific evidence. An electrophysiologist, who studies heart arrhythmias, said he believes the taser-device was undoubtedly the cause for the teen's heart to stop because the boy went into cardiac arrest immediately after being struck by the taser-device. Those close to the teen say there is no evidence the victim was taking illegal or prescription drugs, or suffered from any underlying heart disease that may have caused ventricular fibrillation. Shocking Statistics The teen was fortunate that paramedics were on the scene; they had been called to treat a hand injury the boy had sustained during an earlier altercation with the police officer. If they weren’t able to administer a shock to him with a defibrillator in less than two minutes of his collapse, statistics prove that there is a high probability he would not have survived. Taser-devices are now being used by more than 6,000 police departments across the nation and, in a growing number of cities, each police officer carries one. Approximately 200 more departments are purchasing the high-tech stun-guns every month, and the U.S. Military continues to use them in Iraq. I certainly support the use of taser-devices as a sub-lethal force to subdue an individual. I also believe that law enforcement agencies should carry external cardiac defibrillators in addition to taser-devices. If someone's heart stops as a result of a taser-induced shock, the chance for survival decreases approximately 10 percent for each minute elapsed without defibrillation treatment. A paramedic-level ambulance can sometimes take up to 10 minutes to arrive on scene, depending on geographical location, weather conditions, traffic, or a host of other variables.
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Weekend Outlook: Fresh Start

By Breanna SteeleiBerkshires Staff

Check out the events happening this weekend, including hiking, volunteering, fundraisers, and more.

Editor's Pick

First Friday
Downtown North Adams
Time: 5 to 9 p.m.

The new year is here so kick it off with music, art, and games that will fill downtown North Adams for its First Friday event, themed "Fresh Start." 

Participating businesses will have extended hours and many galleries will host openings, closings, and other special events.

More information and event line-up here.

Friday

Discover Greylock Hike
Mount Greylock Visitor Center, Lanesborough
Time: 1 p.m. 

Celebrate the great outdoors with a walk in the woods to explore seasonal changes the signs of wildlife along an easy-moderate trail.

This family-friendly 2-mile hike follows the Bradley Farm Trail with a gradual 440-ft elevation gain. 

Hikes may include tree identification, local history and orienteering. Be aware that trail conditions may be snow-covered, icy or muddy.

More information here.

Future Labs Gallery All Members Reception
43 Eagle St., North Adams
Time: 6 to 8 p.m.

View artwork by more than 40 Future Labs Gallery member artists. More information here.

Collaged Coasters for Tweens and Teens 
Milne Public Library Williamstown
Time: 10:30 a.m. and 1:30 p.m.

"Decompress and Decoupage." Decoupage is the art of applying a collage of paper onto a surface. Make collage wooden coasters whether it's a gift or a piece of art to hang on your wall. More information here.

Karaoke 
Dalton American Legion
Time: 6 p.m. 

Sing your heart out while supporting the local American Legion Post. More information here.

Joni Mitchell Tribute Band Performance
17 Main St., South Egremont
Time: 8 p.m. 

Big Yellow Taxi, a Joni Mitchell tribute band, will perform many of Mitchell's popular songs. 

Tickets are $20. More information here.

Saturday

Music Bingo
Wahconah Country Club
Time: 6 p.m.

Help raise money for the girls and boys basketball program by playing a game of musical bingo. More information here.

Lecture by Former Peace Corps Volunteers
Berkshire Athenaeum, Pittsfield
Time: 2 p.m.

Two former Peace Corps volunteers Eduardo and Edmundo tell their story of collecting used equipment from the Berkshires and shipping it to Honduras. More information here.

 

Tracking Winter Wildlife for Beginners
Pleasant Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, Lenox
Time: 11 a.m. 

Take a beginner-friendly walk through fields and forests to search for tracks, scat, and signs of the delicate but exciting interactions between predators and their prey.
 
With any luck, you will find signs of coyotes, foxes, deer, rabbits, and more. Tickets are $15 for Mass Auburn members and $20 for non-members. 
 
More information here.  

'The Princess and the Frog' Screening 
Milne Public Library, Williamstown
Time: 1 p.m. 

Bring your family to the library for a free screening of the Disney classic, "The Princess and the Frog." Enjoy popcorn and to be more sustainable bring your own bowl. 

More information here.

Volunteer to Build Lee's Rink
Lee Athletic Field
Time: 10 a.m.

Volunteers are needed to help build Lee's skating rink. Email the Youth Commission to let them know you can make it.

More information here.

Full Moon Winter Hike 
Hilltop Orchards, Richmond
Time: 6:45 p.m. 
 
There will be a guided hike by Holly Brouker, under the full moon. The event also features a bonfire ceremony and wine and cider tasting. 
 
More information here. 
 
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