Guest Column: Fentanyl: Current Wave of the Opioid Crisis in the Berkshires

HEALing CommunitiesGuest Column
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The United States has passed a grim, heartbreaking milestone: a record number of Americans are dying as a result of a drug overdose.
 
Between April 2020 and April 2021, drugs – mostly synthetic opioids such as fentanyl – took the lives of more than 100,000 of our sons and daughters, loved ones and neighbors, community members, and friends. Preliminary data from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health indicate confirmed overdose deaths from opioids have increased 7 percent from 2020 to 2021.
 
Overdose deaths from synthetic opioids – primarily fentanyl – have also increased. This rise in opioid overdoses across the country is largely due to illicit fentanyl contaminating street drugs.
 
Pharmaceutical fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is FDA-approved as a patch or lozenge for the treatment of severe pain. Fentanyl is at least 50 times more potent than heroin. Most recent cases of fentanyl-related harm, overdose,
and death in the U.S. are linked to illegally made fentanyl that is mixed into drugs, like counterfeit painkillers and benzodiazepines, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine.
 
Because we have an unregulated and criminalized drug supply, there is no way to tell if a street drug that a person is using is 100 percent safe. This means that someone may use a substance that they believe their body is able to tolerate, but it may actually be much stronger than they expect due to being contaminated with fentanyl, without knowing.
 
Data from the Department of Public Health tells us that in Berkshire County overdoses increased from 56 in 2020 to 62 in 2021, an 11 percent increase. The following are rates of fatal overdoses per 100,000 residents in 2021:
  • Massachusetts: 33
  • Berkshire County: 61
  • Cheshire: 96
  • Pittsfield: 78
  • North Adams: 70
  • Adams: 62
  • Lee: 53
The opioid crisis is not confined to a particular subset of our population and these numbers do not mean that any one town or area is immune. The epidemic affects wealthy and poor, Black and white, rural and urban, and every corner of the Berkshires
 
The street drug supply has always been unpredictable and inconsistent – this is especially true now. Assume overdose risk no matter what drug you’re using, and practice as much harm reduction as possible, as consistently as possible.
 
These conditions hold true for recreational drug use as much as for regular use and are not restricted to any one type of drug, as they have been found in heroin, crack/cocaine, and pressed pills.
  • Go slow.
  • Use less.
  • Try not to use alone. If you do, have someone with naloxone check on you.
  • If you’re using in a group, have naloxone on-hand and take turns so someone is
  • always alert and available to respond.
  • Know the signs of an overdose.
  • Carry naloxone and know how to use it.
  • Look out for others in the community and administer naloxone if you suspect an overdose.
In 2021, Berkshire Harm Reduction gave out 1,757 naloxone kits between Pittsfield and North Adams. These kits will be more readily available in the near future for anyone interested in supporting the health of our community.
 
By following these harm reduction strategies, together, we can heal our communities and reduce preventable overdose deaths.
 
More Information
To learn more about fentanyl and naloxone, visit www.HealTogetherMA.org/Pittsfield and www.HealthToogetherMA.org/NorthAdams
 
On behalf of HEALing Communities of North Adams and Pittsfield
 
 
Betsy Strickler and Emily Kirby are the communications consultants for Pittsfield HEALing Community and North Adams HEALing Community, respectively. Both cities are participating in the National Institute of Health's HEAL (Helping to End Addiction Long-term) Initiative study. 

Tags: guest column,   opiods,   

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Amphibious Toads Procreate in Perplexing Amplexus

By Tor HanseniBerkshires columnist
 

Toads lay their eggs in the spring along the edges of waterways. Photos by Tor Hansen.
My first impressions of toads came about when my father Len Hansen rented a seaside house high on a sand dune in North Truro, Cape Cod back in 1954. 
 
With Cape Cod Bay stretching out to the west, and Twinefield so abundant in wildflowers to the east, North Truro became a naturalist's dream, where I could search for sea shells at the seashore, or chase beetles and butterflies with my trusty green butterfly net. 
 
Twinefield was a treasure trove for wildlife — a vast glacial rolling sandplain shaped by successive glaciers, its sandy soil rich in silicon, thus able to stimulate growth for a diverse biota. A place where in successive years I would expand my insect collection to fill cigar boxes with every order of insects abounding in beach plum, ox-eye daisy and milkweed. During our brief summer vacation there, we boys would exclaim in our excitement, "Oh here is another hoppy toad," one of many Fowler's toads (Bufo woodhousei fowleri ) that inhabited the moist surroundings, at home in the Ammophyla beach grass, thickets of beach plum, bayberry, and black cherry bushes. 
 
They sparkled in rich colors of green amber on beige and reddish tinted warts. Most anurans have those glistening eyes, gold on black irises so beguiling around the dark pupils. Today I reflect on a favorite analogy, the riveting eye suggests a solar eclipse in pictorial aura.
 
In the distinct toad majority in the Outer Cape, Fowler's toads turned up in the most unusual of places. When we Hansens first moved in to rent Riding Lights, we would wash the sand and salt from our feet in the outdoor shower where toads would be drinking and basking in the moisture near my feet. As dusk fades into darkness, the happy surprise would gather under the night lights where moths were fluttering about the front door and the toads would snatch bugs with outstretched tongue.
 
In later years, mother Eleanor added much needed color and variety to Grace's original garden. Our smallest and perhaps most acrobatic butterflies are the skippers, flitting and somersaulting to alight and drink heartily the nectar abounding at yellow sickle-leaved coreopsis and succulent pink live forever sedums of autumn. These hearty late bloomers signaled oases for many fall migrants including painted ladies, red admirals and of course monarchs on there odyssey to over-winter in Mexico. 
 
Our newly found next-door neighbors, the Bergmarks, added a lot to share our zeal for this undiscovered country, and while still in our teens, Billy Atwood, who today is a nuclear physicist in California, suggested we should include the Baltimore checkerspot in our survey, as he too had a keen interest in insects. Still unfamiliar to me then, in later years I would come across a thriving colony in Twinefield, that yielded a rare phenotype checkerspot (Euphydryas phaeton p. superba) that I wrote about featured in The Cape Naturalist ( Museum of Natural History, Brewster Cape Cod 1991). 
 
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