The U.S. economy shed 23,000 jobs in July. The forecasts were for a gain of 80,000. Some workers appeared despondent while investors were ebullient as the weaker data signaled less reason for the Fed to hike interest rates.

 

Employment figures for May and June were also revised lower, with a combined 103,000 job losses more than previously reported. Readers who have read my two-part columns on government data have been forewarned to take government numbers with a grain of salt.

 

It was a somewhat dismal report where the participation rate fell to 61.4 percent; it's the lowest since September 2021. The labor force participation rate measures the percentage of the civilian population age 16 and older that is either actively working or actively looking for work.

 

It is one of the best measures of the economy's labor supply. From the data, it appears clear that the labor pool is shrinking. In which case, employers must compete harder for workers, wages rise, and that can keep wage inflation elevated.

 

In any case, the 50+ percent expectations of an interest rate hike in September in the betting markets dropped immediately with the data release. Bond yields fell, along with the dollar, and guess what skyrocketed? Precious metals.

 

That's right, gold and silver are back from the dead! This week, gold rose 7.7  percent while silver notched an 11.6 percentgain. For the most part, gold has been trading in a range for months. As oil prices gained, gold lost value. Silver fared even worse. Add in the rise in interest rates and the dollar (both kryptonite for precious metals), and it was close to a perfect storm for that asset class.

 

Now we seem to be reversing those trends, at least in the short-term. The Fed is on hold or appears to be for now, given that the last two Consumer Price Index CPI) reports have been benign. A third CPI report next Wednesday, August 12th, looks to be weaker as well. Weaker inflation numbers and now weaker job data put rate hikes on hold and may even push yields and the dollar even lower.

 

In addition, Mainland China is hoping to establish Hong Kong as a major trading market for gold among other metals. Remember, gold is entirely outside the global credit system. It cannot be frozen, sanctioned, or inflated away by another government's choices. Russia knew that and amassed its own holdings before it invaded Ukraine.

 

The People's Bank of China has been building up physical gold inventories in Hong Kong over the past several months after launching its Precious Metals Central Clearing Company. In June, they added 14.93 tons of gold. That's their single largest purchase since 2023.

 

I suspect this is adding upward pressure to the price of precious metals. They have slowly been moving their own substantial gold holdings (2,346 tons) from where it is kept in the London Metals Exchange back home to support their efforts in Hong Kong. Bottom line, Beijing is stocking the exchange it built rather than deepening the one its geopolitical rivals dominate.

 

My fears that August would turn out to be a month to be cautious seem ill-advised as we close out the first week. My caution has and will continue to be dependent on the conflict in the Middle East. In the meantime, the rotation back into technology continues. However, it is not at the expense of other areas.

 

The three major averages had healthy gains to finish the week, with the NASDAQ the winner, up 4.90 percent. The S&P 500 and small-cap Russell indexes each gained more than 3 percent while the Dow finished just shy of that.

 

Earnings results were the lynchpin of these moves. It also helped that we have seen a 9 percent decline in the price of oil. The hope that the U.S. will somehow negotiate a successful opening of the Straits of Hormuz was the flavor of the week. This could change next week; otherwise, the S&P 500 Index seems destined to make a record high.

 

Late in the week after a further drubbing, the technology sector staged a rebound from a deeply oversold position. How long it lasts and how far it will go is debatable. In the meantime, long-dated yields in the bond world continue to rise.

 

You can blame the Fed for the continued backup in interest rates. Kevin Warsh's second FOMC meeting has come and gone with a big nothing done when it came to interest rate policy. He argued that the financial markets are doing the heavy lifting right now, and that is all right with him.

 

I could have entitled this column "Bond Vigilantes Ride Again" because that is exactly what the Fed chair is counting on. Readers haven't heard me mention these fixed income traders recently. This is the name markets give those who buy and sell bonds based on their forecasts for economic growth, inflation and geopolitics. Under the last Fed chair, Jerome Powell, the central bank bent over backward to inform the markets of what it was thinking and doing before it did it.

 

Those days are over. Chairman Warsh is determined to pull back on communication. Instead, he prefers to keep his cards close and watch how markets digest the ongoing data. Right now, the vigilantes are convinced that, thanks to the Iran war, tariffs, and government spending, inflation, after a month or two of reprieve, is set to rise again.

 

If that's the verdict, why then did the Fed not simply raise interest rates at this meeting? For one thing, if the once-again spike in oil prices is fueling higher inflation expectations, how would raising interest rates change that? It wouldn't, nor would higher rates reduce the impact of Trump tariffs. Those are supply issues. In inflationary times, the Fed is focused on reducing demand for money by making borrowing costs higher via hikes in interest rates.

 

Remember, too, the Fed's bailiwick is the Fed funds rate, that is a short-term debt instrument. Raising that rate might impact the yields on short-term borrowing costs. It has little impact on longer-term maturities where all the corporate, mortgage, and auto loans occur. That's where the private sector comes in.

 

By the end of the FOMC Q&A session, the markets were left with uncertainty. There was no hint at a September hike, no guidance on what the FOMC members are thinking, only the assurance that inflation was too high. If you think about it, the Fed has been on hold for five meetings in a row and yet bond yields have risen substantially without them.

 

Markets were miffed with the outcome. While Warsh asserted the Fed's commitment in pursuing its 2 percent inflation target, he repeatedly declined to connect that commitment to any concrete action. As a result, traders took the indexes down hard and bond yields higher. To be fair, some of the sell-off at the end of the day on Wednesday was due to one fund manager who was forced to liquidate his holdings in many AI stocks after suffering steep losses over the last few weeks.

 

On the macroeconomic front, the first reading of second quarter GDP growth came in at 1.5 percent below the forecast of 2 percent. Weak, yes, but with the questionable accuracy of government data, traders ignored the result, preferring to wait for further revisions. The Fed's favorite inflation index, the Personal Consumer Expenditures Index (PCE) for June, was cooler. That was thanks to the decline in oil prices, but with oil back up, investors ignored that data point, expecting higher numbers this month and next.

 

Second-quarter earnings continue to separate the wheat from the chaff. Microsoft gave an upside surprise, while Meta did the opposite. Apple disappointed. Amazon gained 15 percent on its results. I did warn that investors would become more discriminating based on individual company results. That is what is happening.

 

As I counseled readers last week, August should see further volatility in the markets. We are already seeing that. Wednesday, the S&P 500 Index fell almost 1.5 percent; Thursday it gained back more than that. Friday it failed to follow through to the upside. While the week was volatile, the index ended essentially flat. The same could be said for the Nasdaq, although volatility was more than twice that of the other indexes.

 

Last week I wrote that I was watching two levels: "the first stop on the S&P would be 7,300 (testing a double bottom). If that fails to hold, we are looking at 7,200 (cycle lows). Technology would have an even bigger decline." The low this week was 7,313. From there it bounced, and we are once again back above 7,400.

 

I also explained there was a second alternative. "The S&P 500 Index, supported by the rotation I have discussed previously (that is out of tech and into sectors like healthcare, utilities, industrials, etc.), could remain at this 7,400 level." We did that as well. All in one week!  

 

Oil spiked higher this week, regaining $90 a barrel as the dollar rose and U.S. Treasury bonds sold off. It is not hard to guess what the stock market did as a result. 

 

Down.

 

I'm sure you are just as tired as I am watching this Kabuki show unfold in the Middle East. Not only is the Straits of Hormuz shut in, but now Iran's proxy, the Houthis, have opened a second front along the Red Sea. They have already attacked two Saudi oil tankers and have vowed to close that oil avenue off from any further shipment of oil from Saudi Arabia.

 

Brent crude is up more than 40 percent in three weeks. Readers only need to fill up at the pump this week to realize the cost of this ongoing travesty. The Ten-year U.S. Treasury bond is now yielding 4.67 percent. Traders are dumping U.S. Treasuries as well as stocks in anticipation that by August the inflation data will be rebounding substantially. That would put an interest rate hike back on the table by September by the Federal Reserve Bank.

 

It is a tangled web this administration has woven. There were reports on Friday that Pakistan, with support from China, was seeking to revive negotiations between the two adversaries. That dropped oil prices by 5 percent to around $88 a barrel. Hope springs eternal I guess when  dealing with this war.

 

Oh, in case I forget, the president has just slapped a whole host of new tariffs (10-12 percent) on world trade, manufacturing a new excuse (forced labor in 80 countries) as justification. This adds yet another layer of price increases consumers will be receiving in the months ahead since we now know you and I are paying most of these tariff costs.

 

All the goals of this administration's economic policies, touted by U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent — reduce budget deficits, boost growth and increase energy production — have remained pipe dreams. Instead, interest rates are reaching new highs, spending and deficits are off the charts, and oil, rather than declining, is skyrocketing.

 

The AI trade has faltered as well. The recurring worry that the large mega-cap tech companies are spending too much money plagues the markets. The fate of this area hinges on the outlook for 2027 capital expenditures growth from the hyperscalers like Google, Meta, Amazon, and Microsoft. Currently, Wall Street analysts are expecting capex to grow by 28 percent next year. That's up from 23 percent two weeks ago and before Google's second quarter earnings announcement on Wednesday night.

 

Google once again raised its estimate of how much more it is planning to spend on AI this year, from $190 billion to a range of $195 billion to $205 billion. The stock cratered on the news despite a blockbuster revenue growth of $119.8 billion, up 24 percent from a year earlier. And what Google is doing, its competitors will do too. By the end of the earnings period, we could see that number increase to 37 percent.

 

Given that all these companies have whittled down their cash due to this monumental spending, investors expect that the only way to increase spending further will be for these companies to sell more stock and raise debt, thereby diluting existing holders. Even if they succeed, there is still no guarantee anytime soon that these companies will see the kind of payoff that is necessary to the bottom line given the amount of money involved.

 

Tesla was another dud. Auto sales are falling, and capex in all his tomorrow ventures, including AI, is exploding higher. Combined with the 50 percent decline in the price of SpaceX, Elon Musk is keeping a low profile lately.

 

Regular readers know that I entered the July-August period rather cautiously. I believe we are in a normal mid-summer consolidation in a mid-term election year. It appears as if Donald Trump is working overtime to ensure Democrats win that contest. That adds even more uncertainty to an equation already burdened by the possibility of a "massive attack" in Iran and therefore further spikes in energy prices. So far, second-quarter earnings have been on target for the most part. Next week, Microsoft, Meta, Apple and Amazon report on Wednesday and Thursday. Their announcements will largely dictate which way technology goes in the short term.

 

I see two possible outcomes for the markets over the remainder of the summer. Both would bring with them high volatility. The first is that we chop around here. Since technology is leading this pullback, I see it trading in a range of a little above and below 680 as reflected in the main Technology ETF (QQQ).

 

The S&P 500 Index, supported by the rotation I have discussed previously (that is out of tech and into sectors like healthcare, utilities, industrials, etc.), could remain at this 7,400 level. Once again, you could still see 50-point swings weekly or even daily in the index.

 

If, on the other hand, Trump allows his emotions to play out with few in the White House willing to talk him down, a sudden escalation in the war might occur. Oil prices spike much higher as a result. In that case, the first stop on the S&P would be 7,300 (testing a double bottom). If that fails to hold, we are looking at 7,200 (cycle lows). Technology would have an even bigger decline.

 

Misery loves company, or so they say. There was plenty of that this week as declining technology stocks dragged down the indexes.

 

While the stock market had been stuck in a rut most of the month, the tone changed this week. Markets felt the pain as the leading AI -fueled semiconductor index was walloped. However, appearances can be deceiving. There were some pockets of safety that did well as rotation strategies replaced momentum plays among traders.

 

Quarterly earnings have begun. The estimates call for a 23-24 percent gain in earnings this season. That follows a 26 percent+ record last quarter. Bank stocks were the first to report, and most did not disappoint. Goldman Sachs' profit, for example, was up 78 percent from the prior year while JP Morgan soared 41 percent. It may come as no surprise that investment banking fees had a lot to do with those results.

 

The large-cap banking index made new highs for the year even as AI technology and the semiconductors index suffered additional selling. Boring old utilities, consumer staples, and health care outperformed as most of the AI darlings languished.

 

SpaceX, the Musk deal-of-the-century IPO that I warned readers not to chase, is now down to $124/share, well below the $135/share IPO price. Last week's broker-hyped offering, the "must have" Korean-based ADR, SK Hynix, has also been a dud (minus-37 percent).

 

Not all technology has done poorly. After being ignored or sold down for weeks, the Magnificent Seven stocks have added $1.5 trillion in market value in July, while semiconductor stocks, excluding Nvidia, have erased nearly $1.7 trillion in market value. Software companies, another casualty of AI predominance, have come back from the dead. Forty-four out of 51 software stocks in the Yahoo Finance industry basket are up for July with a median gain of 6 percent.

 

Given the high valuations of most stocks, it seems investors are quick to punish and just as quick to reward. Those companies that disappoint, failing to live up to investors' expectations, are quickly taken to the woodshed. IBM announced weak preliminary results, and the stock fell 25 percent, the largest decline since at least 1968. Netflix also disappointed and opened down 10 percent on Friday.

 

The next two weeks should be interesting as more companies report. I warned readers in weeks past that, this time around, quarterly earnings will see investors take a much more selective approach to companies based on their results and guidance. Evidence so far indicates I am not far off the mark.

 

This week, we also had the results for both the Consumer Price and Producer Price Indexes for last month. As I predicted, both numbers fell well below street expectations. I also expect next month's numbers to be weak as well (unless Trump's Forever War pushes oil prices higher still). Markets pushed higher for a day in celebration, but it didn't last long.

 

Kevin Warsh, in his first appearance as Federal Reserve Chairman before the House Financial Services Committee, threw cold water on the monthly inflation numbers. He pointed out that one or two data points do not make a trend.

 

Warsh said, "The longer prices have been above the inflation target, it's usually a bit harder to dislodge them and get them lower. Our job, my commitment to you, is to take sticky prices and to unstick them." That may be music to the ears of Main Street (and me) but do nothing for the financial market's hopes of easier monetary policy this year.

 

The bullish tone of the markets preceding and just after the Fourth of July has come and gone. As readers know, I have approached July and August with caution. Since the holiday, investor sentiment and fund flows have waned, while the technology sector has come under more pressure.

 

This week, we saw further evidence of that as the Nasdaq declined more than 3 percent, the S&P 500 dropped 1.43 percent, and the Russell small-cap index, the best of the bunch, maintained its bullish posture. It declined by less than half a percent.

 

It is no surprise to see the areas that went up the most experience the most severe declines. It is how markets work. Profit-taking in semiconductors was in full force this week. While I do expect bounces along the way, I think over the next few weeks we will see further downside.

 

The above risks can be a lethal brew for investors. And yet, markets barely budged by the end of the week. Quarterly earnings expectations are buoying the averages, with 23 percent earnings growth expected to vindicate the bulls.

 

Markets have moved beyond Trump's War despite this week's conflict. They are focusing instead on the upcoming inflation data, the start of quarterly earnings next week, and another Fed meeting. In the meantime, technology still struggles.

 

Volatile moves have sent the Nasdaq and the semiconductor index plummeting only to see them spike higher on a day-by-day basis. Traders call it a calm session if these stocks close with less than a 1 percent move each day. Last month's mega IPO is a case in point.

 

Readers recall all the hype over the SpaceX IPO. Priced at $135 a share, opened at $150 and skyrocketed to $212. Friday it traded at $147-$148. Not pretty, if you chased it. Today, we have another one.

 

This time, it's the listing of a South Korean memory chip leader, SK Hynix (SKHYV). It is the largest American Depository Receipt (ADR) offering ever ($26.5 billion) and one of the largest equity offerings in history. It is the global leader in High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM). Why is their product so important? Because without HBM, there would be no AI.

 

At $149 per ADR, it will be equal to 1/10th of a South Korean share. With a market value of more than $1 trillion, it is the second-most valuable company in South Korea. The media claims the offering is seven times oversubscribed (versus SpaceX's five times). And like SpaceX before them, chasers ‘gotta get some.'

 

No, never mind that the memory stock has garnered a sevenfold increase in its stock price over the past year. If it performs the way Elon Musk's SpaceX ("to the moon and beyond") did, we could see another price spike before traders cash in. At around midday, the ADR was up $17 percent from its listing price. And while the financial media focuses on this offering, it wasn't the only event of the week.

 

The president and his forever war kept investors on their toes. He now says the ceasefire that never was is over, but the talks will continue. How bombing more Iranian military targets is going to do anything to change the status quo is beyond me. As this week's NATO conference has shown, despite Trump's bravado, most nations still need to flatter, or at least humor him, if they want to remain under the U.S. military umbrella. Strategically, they need to maintain that relationship, at least in the short term.

 

Fortunately, the markets have moved on. The rotational trends in the markets have helped keep the main averages steady most of the time, despite Trump's social media posts and comments. The oil price has risen slightly (over $71.80 a barrel) from $67, but the technical trend still points to further downside.

 

Bond yields have risen to the top of their range with the U.S. 10-year Treasury bond hitting a high of 4.57 percent this week. As you might imagine, Trump's military strikes and the subsequent short-term rise in oil prices immediately had traders rushing for the exits in some areas and chasing stocks on what had been the ‘war trade'.

 

Here's how it works. The narrative is quite simple, really: missiles fly, oil prices spike, inflation expectations rise, and so the story changes to the Fed having to raise rates. That's it in a nutshell. The opposite occurs whenever the narrative shifts toward peace, the opening of the Straits of Hormuz, etc.

 

Next week will be critical for the bulls. We get another Consumer Price Index reading. The Street is expecting cooler inflation numbers for June. I agree. I expect weaker numbers in July as well. That should be good for the markets.

 

Stock prices have already been bid up in anticipation of good earnings. If management's ‘beat' and talk up future guidance on sales and earnings, then all is well with the world. The rally continues as the indexes grind higher. We all know what happens if companies fail to live up to expectations. We may see investors become a little more selective. The AI trade may shift from buying "everything AI-related" to buying stocks worth holding, rather than those that are not.